光合细菌球形红杆菌对活性艳红X-3B的脱色作用及其与质粒的关系

本文研究了光合细菌球形红杆菌在不同条件下对活性艳红Ｘ－３Ｂ的脱色效果及与质粒的关系。结果表明,球形红杆菌的培养条件对脱色效果有较大的影响,ｐＨ在６～９范围内２４ｈ脱色率均在８５％以上,最适ｐＨ稍偏碱为７～９;脱色的最适温度范围较宽,在１５℃～４０℃之间２４ｈ脱色率均在７５％以上;氧的存在对脱色是不利的,厌氧条件下的脱色效果远远高于好氧条件下的脱色效果。结果还表明,该菌株质粒在琼脂糖凝胶电泳图谱上仅有一条质粒带。通过高温吖啶橙处理,消除该菌株的质粒后,该菌株的脱色能力也随之消失,从而证明该菌株的脱色能力是由质粒控制的。     

DX—100型离子色谱仪用于冰雪样品中阴,阳离子的测定

本文介绍了ＤＸ－１００型离子色谱仪用于冰雪样品中阴,阳离子的测定,以东北五大连池地区白龙洞和水晶宫为例,介绍了阴,阳离子测定在分析化学物质来源和成冰过程中的重要作用。     

Cloud point extraction coupled with HPLC-UV for the determination of phthalate esters in environmental water samples

A method based on cloud point extraction was developed to determine phthalate esters including di-ethyl-phthalate （DEP）, di- （2-ethylhexyl）-phthalate （DEHP） and di-cyclohexyl-phthalate （DCP） in environmental water samples using high-performance liquid chromatography separation and ultraviolet detection （HPLC-UV）. The non-ionic surfactant Triton X-114 was chosen as extraction solvent. The parameters affecting extraction efficiency, such as concentrations of Triton X-114 and Na2SO4, equilibration temperature, equilibration time and centrifugation time were evaluated and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the method can achieve preconcentration factors of 35, 88, 111 and detection of limits of 2.0, 3.8, 1.0 ng/ml for DEP, DEHP and DCP in 10-ml water sample, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of trace amount of phathalate esters in effluent water of the wastewater treatment plant and the lixivium of plastic fragments.     

Lix54-100从印刷电路板蚀刻废液中回收铜

本文对Lix5 4 10 0萃取剂萃取铜氨料液中铜的性能做了研究 ,发现其具有动力学速率快、饱和容量高、分离效果好、反萃容易及不萃氨等特点。并把其应用于印刷电路板蚀刻废液中铜的回收 ,在铜初始浓度为 15 6.96g/L ,相比为 2∶1条件下 ,用 80 %Lix5 4 10 0 -煤油经过三级错流萃取 ,铜的浓度可下降到 2 6.88g/L。三级总萃取率达 82 .87%。由此设计推荐了无废排放工艺流程 ,实现了经济效益和环境效益的统一     

UNIT HYDROGRAPHS FOR DEVELOPING DESIGN FLOOD HYDROGRAPHS1

ABSTRACT: In Illinois, a procedure has been developed to derive unit hydrographs for generating 100-year and probable maximum flood hydrographs, on the basis of 11 parameters that define the hydrograph shape very well. Regional regressions of these parameters with basin factors show very high correlation. Thus satisfactory values of parameters can be determined for ungaged areas or those with a few years' record. The nonlinearity in unit hydrographs derived from usual floods is largely attributed to mixing within-channel and overbank-flow flood events. To minimize the effects of nonlinearity and to derive unit hydrographa suitable for calculating spillway design floods, use of the proposed method of developing such hydrographs is recommended.     

酸处理青霉菌对活性艳红X-3B的吸附动力学和热力学研究

采用青霉菌菌体作为吸附剂对染料活性艳红X-3B进行吸附研究,考察了染料的初始质量浓度、pH值和温度对菌体吸附能力的影响,并探讨了吸附动力学和热力学特性.结果表明,经硝酸处理后的菌体吸附能力明显增强,在pH值为3时,吸附量达到最大. 吸附过程可用准二级动力学方程来表达,平衡时吸附量的计算值和实验值吻合很好,相关系数可达0.999 8. 硝酸处理的菌体对活性艳红的吸附等温线可用Langmuir方程表达.当温度为25 ℃、30 ℃、35 ℃、40 ℃时,饱和吸附量分别为250.0 mg/g、322.6 mg/g、400 mg/g、416.7 mg/g.温度升高,吸附量增大,表明该吸附反应是吸热反应.根据热力学函数关系计算出ΔH＝35.13 kJ/mol,ΔS＝125.17 J/(mol·K),ΔG为-2.13～-4.03 kJ/mol,表明菌体对活性艳红的吸附是自发过程.     

Enhanced degradation of bioremediation residues in petroleum-contaminated soil using a two-liquid-phase bioslurry reactor

A study was performed to determine the potential of two-liquid-phase (TLP) bioslurry reactors using silicon oil as solvent for degradation of residual contaminants in petroleum-contaminated soil. The residues were characterized by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. This allowed for the identification of a mixture of residual biomarkers, metabolic byproducts, oxygenated and hetero-polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in the contaminated soil. The removal amount of total extractable organics (TEO) was 15 900 mg kg⁻¹ soil in the TLP reactor within 12 weeks. However, TEO remained intact in the bioslurry reactor without the addition of silicon oil for the duration of the experiment, due to high toxicity of metabolites to the microorganisms. The availability of TEO was calculated using a mild extraction with Triton X-100, and the amount of TEO extracted was in accord with the amount of biodegraded TEO. Significantly reduced toxicity in soil was observed at week 12 through TLP remediation. Dehydrogenase activity in the bioslurry reactor was strongly suppressed. Fluorescein diacetate was significantly hydrolyzed by the composition of bioremediation residues in the contaminated soil. Microbial adhesion to the solvent was revealed by the determination of microbial activity in the water-immiscible-liquid.     

超声波协同零价铁降解活性艳红X-3B

通过比较超声波、零价铁单独作用及其联用对X-3B的降解效果,探讨了超声波-零价铁体系降解X-3B的协同效应,考察了溶液pH、超声功率、超声时间等因素对协同效应的影响.结果表明,X-3B难以被超声波直接降解,在实验条件下获得的最高去除率仅为7.75%;在pH为5.0、7.0、9.0时,超声波与零价铁在降解X-3B时发生协同效应,相对两者单独作用对X-3B的去除率的简单加和,协同体系对X-3B的去除率分别提高1.68、1.76、1.67倍.在pH7.0时,协同处理25min后X-3B的去除率可达99.42%.在pH3.0时,零价铁直接还原X-3B的速率大于协同体系,但两者降解机理明显不同,前者仅把X-3B分解成小分子中间体,而后者可使X-3B彻底分解.研究认为,在pH5.0～7.0及超声功率为400～600W时,超声波-零价铁协同体系可有效地降解X-3B.     

膨胀石墨对活性艳红X-3B染料的吸附脱色

研究了以膨胀石墨(250 mL/g)为吸附剂,对活性艳红X-3B染料的吸附脱色作用,探讨了影响吸附的因素,结果表明:膨胀石墨对活性艳红X-3B染料的吸附率高,当膨胀石墨用量适当时,低初始浓度、低pH值有利于活性艳红X-3B染料的吸附脱色,温度高低对活性艳红X-3B染料的吸附脱色无明显影响。